New nuclear sources in the Czech Republic: status, plans and future outlook
The Czech Republic is facing the largest modernization of its energy system in recent decades. The gradual phase-out of coal, the growth of electricity consumption, the development of AI and the ambition to achieve energy self-sufficiency are leading to the massive development of new nuclear sources (NNR) – both large units and small modular reactors (SMR). Current steps by the Czech government, ČEZ Group and foreign partners show that nuclear energy remains a key pillar of the Czech energy strategy.
1. Large new nuclear units: Dukovany 5 and 6
In 2025, the final contract was signed between the Czech government and the Korean company KHNP on the construction of two new units in Dukovany, which represents one of the largest projects in the country's history. The project includes significant participation of Czech companies.
Construction schedule
2029 – planned start of construction
2036 – first unit in test operation
2037+ – gradual completion of the project and commissioning of both units
2. SMR: the future backbone of the Czech energy sector
The Czech Republic is becoming a major player in the SMR sector thanks to the partnership between ČEZ and Rolls Royce SMR, concluded in 2024. The goal is not only to build SMRs in the Czech Republic, but also to create export opportunities for domestic industry.
In 2025, an agreement was signed on preparatory work for the construction of the first small modular reactor in Temelín, which should begin construction in the mid-2030s.
In addition to Dukovany and Temelín, the Czech Republic is also considering new potential locations for nuclear power plants. Discussions include the possibility of building SMRs in Tušimice and Dětmarovice and the selection of new locations for larger units in the long term.
Cooperation with universities, such as the Faculty of Physics and Technology of the Czech Technical University, is preparing a new generation of experts in nuclear energy.
The intention to build new nuclear units has also led to the strengthening of project capacities in the Czech Republic. In 2026, ENERGOPROJEKT PRAHA became a fully independent subsidiary of ÚJV Řež and plans to significantly expand the team to support the construction of nuclear units and SMR projects.
The operation of new nuclear sources in the Czech Republic is legally bound by strict rules regarding liability for nuclear damage and mandatory insurance of operators. The legal framework is based primarily on the Atomic Act and international obligations.
For large projects such as Dukovany 5 and 6 or the planned SMR, liability insurance is an integral part of the entire investment framework. Investors and operators must meet legal obligations regarding the minimum limits for nuclear liability insurance, coverage of potential damage caused by accidents, and compliance with international regulations on nuclear safety.
Thanks to this, it is possible to ensure the protection of the population, the state and commercial entities during the operation of the Czech nuclear power industry.
The Czech Republic is thus standing on the threshold of a new nuclear era – with the opportunity to become a European leader in modern nuclear technologies and strengthen its energy security for the future.
